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1661
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Year 1661 (MDCLXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 10-day slower Julian calendar).

January 6 – The Fifth Monarchists unsuccessfully attempt to seize control of London. George Monck's regiment defeats them.

January 30 – The body of Oliver Cromwell is exhumed and subjected to a posthumous execution, along with those of John Bradshaw and Henry Ireton.

February 5 – The Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty of China dies and is succeeded by his son the Kangxi Emperor.

February 14 – George Monck’s regiment becomes The Lord General's Regiment of Foot Guards (which later becomes Coldstream Guards)

March – Following the death of his mentor, Cardinal Mazarin, King Louis XIV of France starts to rule independently.

July 1 – Russo-Swedish War (1656–1658) – Treaty of Cardis: Russia surrenders to Sweden all captured territories.

August 6 – Portugal and the Dutch Republic sign the Treaty of The Hague, whereby New Holland is formally ceded to Portugal by the Dutch Republic.

The first modern bank notes are issued in Stockholm, Sweden.

January 30 – Charles Rollin, French historian (d. 1741)

March 25 – Paul de Rapin, French historian (d. 1725)

May 25 – Claude Buffier, French philosopher and historian (d. 1737)

July 20 – Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville, French founder of the colony of Louisiana (d. 1706)

September 2 – Georg Böhm, German organist (d. 1733)

November 1 – Florent Carton Dancourt, French dramatist and actor (d. 1725)

November 28 – Edward Hyde, 3rd Earl of Clarendon, British Governor of New York and New Jersey (d. 1723)

December 18 – Christopher Polhem, Swedish scientist and inventor (d. 1751)

January 19 – Thomas Venner, Fifth Monarchist (executed)

March 1 – Richard Zouch, English jurist (b. 1590)

March 9 – Cardinal Mazarin, French cardinal and statesman (b. 1602)

April 7 – William Brereton, English soldier and politician (b. 1604)

August 7 – Jin Shengtan, Chinese editor, writer and critic (b. 1608)

August 16 – Thomas Fuller, English churchman and historian (b. 1608)

October 4 – Jacqueline Pascal, French child prodigy and sister of Blaise Pascal (b. 1625)

November 19 – Brian Walton, English clergyman and scholar (b. 1600)