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1850 (MDCCCL) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday
"Calendar in year 1850 (Russia)" (Julian calendar, starting Tuesday), webpage:
[http://www.timeanddate.com/calendar/index.html?year=1850&country=20 Julian-1850]
(Russia used the Julian calendar until 1919).
of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar).
Events of 1850
=January–June=
January 29 – Henry Clay introduces the Compromise of 1850 to the U.S. Congress.
February 28 – The University of Utah opens in Salt Lake City, Utah.
March 7 – United States Senator Daniel Webster gives his "Seventh of March" speech in which he endorses the Compromise of 1850 in order to prevent a possible civil war.
March 16 – Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter is published.
March 19 – American Express is founded by Henry Wells & William Fargo.
April 4 – Los Angeles, California is incorporated as a city.
April 15 – San Francisco, California is incorporated as a city.
April 19 – Clayton-Bulwer Treaty is signed by the United States and Great Britain, allowing both countries to share Nicaragua and not claim complete control over the proposed Nicaragua Canal.
May 7 – The Brigantine USS Advance is loaned to the United States Navy.
May 16 – The French battleship Le Napoléon is launched.
May 23 – The USS Advance puts to sea from New York to search for John Franklin's Arctic expedition.
June 1 – The postage stamp issues of Austria begin with a series of imperforate typographed stamps featuring the coat of arms.
June 3 – The traditional date of Kansas City, Missouri's founding. This is the date on which it is incorporated by Jackson County, Missouri as the "Town of Kansas".
=July–December=
July – Taiping Rebellion: Hong Xiuquan orders the general mobilisation of rebel forces.
July 9
Mírzá 'Alí-Muhammad, known as the Báb, is executed by a firing squad in Tabriz, Persia for claiming to be a prophet.
Vice President Millard Fillmore becomes the 13th President of the United States following the death of President Taylor.
August 28 – Richard Wagner's opera Lohengrin premieres.
September 9
California is admitted as the 31st U.S. state.
The New Mexico Territory is organized by order of the U.S. Congress.
September 13 – First ascent of Piz Bernina, the highest summit of the eastern Alps.
September 18 – The Fugitive Slave Law is passed by the U.S. Congress.
September 29 – The Catholic hierarchy is re-established in England and Wales by Pope Pius IX.
October 1 – The University of Sydney (the oldest in Australia) is founded.
October 19 – Phi Kappa Sigma International Fraternity was founded at the University of Pennsylvania.
October 28 – Delegate Edward Ralph May delivers speech on behalf of African American suffrage to the Indiana Constitutional Convention.
November – Taiping Rebellion: The first clashes of the Taiping Rebellion occur between Imperialist militia and the Heavenly Army.
November 29 – The treaty called Punctation of Olmütz is signed in Olomouc. It means diplomatic capitulation of Prussia to the Austrian Empire, which takes over the leadership of the German Confederation.
December 16 – The first settlers for the settlement of Christchurch arrive at the Port of Lyttelton (New Zealand).
=Undated=
The American System of Watch Manufacturing starts in Roxbury, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (the Waltham Watch Company).
Bingley Hall, the world's first purpose-built exhibition hall, opens in Birmingham, England.
Allan Pinkerton forms the North-Western Police Agency, later the Pinkerton National Detective Agency.
France begins to transport colonists to Algeria.
Rifling becomes common in firearms.
Entre Ríos Province in Argentina revolts, backed by Brazil in alliance with Paraguay and the Uruguayan Colorado Party.
Harriet Tubman becomes an official conductor of the Underground Railroad.
The International Organisation of Good Templars is established, then as the order of the Knights of Jericho.
St. Mary’s Institute (the future University of Dayton) is founded in in Dayton, OH.
US census shows that 11.2% of the population classed as "Negro" are of mixed race.
Manchester reaches 400,000 inhabitants.
Europeans make up 22% of the world population.
1850 – 1880 – 144,000 East Indian laborers go to Trinidad and 39,000 East Indians come to Jamaica.
University of Rochester is founded in Rochester, NY.
Lehman Brothers is established in Montgomery, Alabama.
=Ongoing events=
First war of Schleswig (1848–1851)
California Gold Rush (1848–1855)
Births
Hortensia Antommarchi, Poet (d. 1915)
=January–June=
January – John Barclay Armstrong, Texas Ranger and U.S. Marshal (d. 1913)
January 4 – Frederick York Powell, English historian and scholar (d. 1904)
January 6 – Eduard Bernstein, German social democratic theoretician and politician (d. 1932)
January 6 – Xaver Scharwenka, Polish-German composer (d. 1924)
January 10 – John Wellborn Root, American architect (d. 1891)
January 11 – Philipp von Ferrary, Italian stamp collector (d. 1917)
January 14 – Pierre Loti, French sailor and writer (d. 1923)
January 15
Mihai Eminescu, Romanian romantic poet (d. 1889)
Leonard Darwin, son of the British naturalist Charles Darwin (d. 1943)
Sofia Kovalevskaya, Russian mathematician (d. 1891)
January 17 – Aleksandr Taneyev, Russian composer (d. 1918)
January 18 – Seth Low, American educator (d. 1916)
January 19 – Augustine Birrell, English author and politician (d. 1933)
January 24
Hermann Ebbinghaus, German psychologist (d. 1909)
Mary Noailles Murfree, American novelist (d. 1922)
January 27
John Collier, British writer and painter (d. 1934)
Edward Smith, captain of the Titanic (d. 1912)
Samuel Gompers, American labor union leader (d. 1924)
January 28 – Edward Merritt Hughes, U.S. Navy officer (d. 1903)
January 29
Ebenezer Howard, British urban planner (d. 1928)
Lawrence Hargrave, Australian engineer (d. 1915)
February 12 – William Morris Davis, American geographer (d. 1934)
February 14 – Kiyoura Keigo, Prime Minister of Japan (d. 1942)
February 15 – Albert B. Cummins, American political figure (d. 1926)
February 17 – Alf Morgans, Premier of Western Australia (d. 1933)
February 18 – George Henschel, English musician (d. 1934)
February 23 – César Ritz, Swiss hotelier (d. 1918)
February 27
Henry Huntington, American railroad pioneer and art collector (d. 1927)
Laura E. Richards, American author (d. 1943)
March 7
Tomáš Masaryk, President of Czechoslovakia (d. 1937)
Champ Clark, American politician (d. 1921)
Éphrem-A. Brisebois, Canadian police officer (d. 1890)
Georg von Vollmar, Socialist politician in Bavaria (d. 1922)
March 9 – Hamo Thornycroft, British sculptor (d. 1925)
March 10 – Spencer Gore, British tennis player and cricketer (d. 1906)
March 13 – Hugh John Macdonald, premier of Manitoba (d. 1929)
March 26 – Edward Bellamy, American author (d. 1898)
March 31 – Charles Doolittle Walcott, American invertebrate paleontologist (d. 1927)
April 8 – John Peters, American 19th century baseball player (d. 1924)
April 9 – Julius Wernher, German-born British businessman and art collector (d. 1912)
April 10 – Fanny Davenport, actress (d. 1898)
April 11 – Isidor Rayner, U.S. senator (d. 1912)
April 12 – Nikolai Golitsyn, Prime Minister of Russia (d. 1925)
April 13 – Arthur Matthew Weld Downing, British astronomer (d. 1917)
April 15
William Thomas Pipes, Nova Scotia politician (d. 1909)
Edmund Peck, Canadian missionary (d. 1924)
April 16 – Paul von Breitenbach, German railway planner (d. 1930)
April 18 – Joseph Labadie, American labor organizer (d. 1933)
April 20 – Daniel Chester French, American sculptor (d. 1931)
April 24 – Murdo MacKenzie, Scottish-Brazilian rancher (d. 1939)
April 26
Harry Bates, British sculptor (d. 1899)
James Drake, Australian politician (d. 1915)
April 27 – Hans Hartwig von Beseler, German soldier (d. 1921)
April 29 – George Murdoch, first mayor of Calgary (d. 1910)
May 1 – Prince Arthur of the United Kingdom (d. 1942)
May 3 – Johnny Ringo, American cowboy (d. 1892)
May 4 – Emanuel Schiffers, Russian chess player (d. 1904)
May 7 – Anton Seidl, Hungarian conductor (d. 1898)
May 8 – Ross Barnes, U.S. baseball player (d. 1915)
May 10 – Thomas Lipton, Scottish merchant and yachtsman (d. 1931)
May 12
Henry Cabot Lodge, American statesman (d. 1924)
Charles McLaren, 1st Baron Aberconway, Scottish Liberal politician and jurist (d. 1934)
May 12 – Frederick Holder, premier of South Australia (d. 1909)
May 14 – Alva Adams, Governor of Colorado (d. 1922)
May 18 – Oliver Heaviside, British engineer (d. 1925)
May 21 – Giuseppe Mercalli, Italian volcanologist (d. 1914)
May 26 – James Kenyon, British pioneer of cinematography (d. 1925)
May 27 – Thomas Neill Cream, serial killer (d. 1892)
May 28 – Frederic William Maitland, English jurist and historian (d. 1906)
May 30 – Frederick Dent Grant, U.S. soldier and statesman (d. 1912)
May 31 – Alphonse Penaud, French aeronautical pioneer (d. 1880)
June 2
Jesse Boot, 1st Baron Trent, British businessman (d. 1931)
Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer, responsible for diabetes mellitus (d. 1935)
June 3 – Albert M. Todd, American businessman and politician (d. 1931)
June 5 – Pat Garrett, American bartender and sheriff (d. 1908)
June 6 – Karl Ferdinand Braun, German physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1918)
June 12 – Roberto Ivens, Portuguese explorer of Africa (d. 1898)
June 15 – Charles Hazelius Sternberg, American fossil collector and amateur paleontologist (d. 1943)
June 18 – Cyrus Hermann Kotzschmar Curtis, American publisher (d. 1933)
June 21 – Daniel Carter Beard, U.S. scouting pioneer (d. 1941)
June 22 – Ignaz Goldziher, Jewish Hungarian orientalist (d. 1921)
June 24 – Horatio Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, British field marshal and statesman (d. 1916)
June 27
Ivan Vazov, Bulgarian poet (d. 1921)
Lafcadio Hearn, Greco-Japanese author (d. 1904)
Jørgen Pedersen Gram, Danish mathematician (d. 1916)
=July–December=
July 2 – Robert Ridgway, American ornithologist (d. 1929)
July 8 – Charles Rockwell Lanman, American Sanskrit scholar (d. 1941)
July 11 – Annie Armstrong, American missionary leader (d. 1938)
July 12
Newell Sanders, American businessman and politician (d. 1938)
Otto Schoetensack, German anthropologist (d. 1912)
July 15 – Mother Cabrini, American saint (d. 1917)
July 20 – John G. Shedd, American businessman (d. 1926)
July 28 – William Whittingham Lyman, U.S. vintner (d. 1921)
July 31
Robert Love Taylor, Tennessee congressman (d. 1912)
Robert Planquette, French composer of stage musicals (d. 1903)
August – Bernardo Reyes, Mexican general (d. 1913)
August 5 – Guy de Maupassant, French writer (d. 1893)
August 6 – Henri Chantavoine, French writer (d. 1918)
August 9 – Johann Büttikofer, Swiss zoologist (d. 1929)
August 13 – Philip Bourke Marston, English poet (d. 1887)
August 14 – W. W. Rouse Ball, British mathematician (d. 1925)
August 30 – Marcelo H. del Pilar, Filipino writer and journalist (d. 1896)
October 1 – David R. Francis, American politician (d. 1927)
October 1 – Thomas Vincent Welch, New York Assemblyman (d. 1903)
November 2 – Antonio Jacobsen, maritime artist (d. 1921)
13 November – Robert Louis Stevenson, Scottish writer (d. 1894)
Deaths
=January–June=
January 2 – Manuel de la Peña y Peña, interim President of Mexico (b. 1789)
January 20 – Adam Gottlob Oehlenschläger, Danish poet and playwright (b. 1779)
January 22
William Joseph Chaminade, French Catholic priest (b. 1761)
Saint Vincent Pallotti, Italian missionary (b. 1795)
January 26 – Francis Jeffrey, Scottish judge and literary critic (b. 1773)
January 27
Johann Gottfried Schadow, German sculptor (b. 1764)
Philipp Roth, composer (b. 1779)
February 4 – Daniel Turner, officer in the United States Navy (b. 1794)
February 20 – Valentín Canalizo, acting president of Mexico (b. 1794)
February 23 – Matthew Whitworth-Aylmer, 5th Baron Aylmer, British military officer and colonial administrator (b. 1775)
February 25 – Daoguang Emperor of the Qing dynasty of China (b. 1782)
February 27 – Samuel Adams, Democratic Governor of the State of Arkansas (b. 1805)
March 3 – Oliver Cowdery, U.S. religious leader (b. 1806)
March 13
Juan Martín de Pueyrredón y O'Dogan, Argentine general and politician (b. 1776)
Owen Stanley, British naval officer and explorer of New Guinea (b. 1811)
March 26 – Samuel Turell Armstrong, U.S. political figure (b. 1784)
March 27 – Wilhelm Beer, German banker and astronomer (b. 1797)
March 28 – Gerard Brandon, Governor of Mississippi (b. 1788)
March 31 – John C. Calhoun, 7th Vice President of the United States (b. 1782)
April 7 – William Lisle Bowles, English poet and critic (b. 1762)
April 9 – William Prout, English chemist and physician (b. 1785)
April 12 – Adoniram Judson, U.S. Baptist missionary (b. 1788)
April 16 – Marie Tussaud, French wax sculptor (b. 1761)
April 17 – Jan Krukowiecki, Polish general (b. 1772)
April 23 – William Wordsworth, English poet (b. 1770)
April 24 – John Norvell, U.S. newspaperman and senator (b. 1789)
May 1 – Henri Marie Ducrotay de Blainville, French zoologist and anatomist (b. 1777)
May 10 – Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac, French chemist and physicist (b. 1778)
May 12 – Frances Sargent Osgood, U.S. poet (b. 1811)
May 21 – Christoph Friedrich von Ammon, German theological writer and preacher (b. 1766)
May 24
Jane Porter, English novelist (b. 1776)
Michał Gedeon Radziwiłł, Polish noble (b. 1778)
May 31 – Giuseppe Giusti, Tuscan satirical poet (b. 1809)
June 9 – John Green Crosse, English surgeon
June 16 – William Lawson, British explorer of New South Wales (b. 1774)
June 19 – Margaret Fuller, American journalist (b. 1810)
June 30 – Richard Dillingham, American Quaker teacher (b. 1823)
=July–December=
July 2 – Robert Peel, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1788)
July 4 – William Kirby, English entomologist (b. 1759)
July 7 – Timothy Hackworth, British steam locomotive engineer
July 8 – Prince Adolphus of the United Kingdom, 1st Duke of Cambridge (b. 1774)
July 9
The Báb, Persian founder of the Bábí Faith (b. 1819) (executed by firing squad)
Zachary Taylor, 12th President of the United States (b. 1784)
Jean Pierre Boyer, President of Haiti (b. 1776)
July 12 – Robert Stevenson, Scottish lighthouse engineer (b. 1772)
July 14 – August Neander, German theologian and church historian (b. 1789)
July 16 – Julia Glover, Irish-born British stage actress (b. ca. 1779)
July 25 – Richard Barnes Mason, military governor of California (b. 1797)
August 3 – Jacob Jones, U.S. Navy officer (b. 1768)
August 6
Edward Walsh, Irish poet (b. 1805)
Hone Heke, Maori chief and war leader
August 13 – Martin Archer Shee, Irish painter and president of the Royal Academy (b. 1770)
August 17 – General José de San Martín, Argentine military and South American independence hero (b. 1778)
August 18
Charles Arbuthnot, British Tory politician (b. 1767)
Honoré de Balzac, French author (b. 1799)
August 22 – Nikolaus Lenau, Austrian poet (b. 1802)
August 26 – King Louis-Philippe of France (b. 1773)
August 27 – Thomas Kidd, English classical scholar and schoolmaster (b. 1770)
September 2 – Charles Watkin Williams-Wynn, British Tory politician (b. 1775)
September 12 – Presley O'Bannon, officer in the United States Marine Corps (b. 1784)
September 22 – Johann Heinrich von Thünen, German economist (b. 1783)
September 23 – José Gervasio Artigas, Uruguayan revolutionary (b. 1764)
October 2 – Sarah Biffen, English painter (b. 1784)
October 29 – Marmaduke Williams, Democratic-Republican U.S. Congressman from North Carolina (b. 1774)
November 2 – Richard Dobbs Spaight, Jr., Democratic governor of the U.S. state of North Carolina (b. 1796)
November 3 – Thomas Ford, governor of Illinois (b. 1800)
November 4 – Gustav Schwab, German classical scholar (b. 1792)
November 9 – François-Xavier-Joseph Droz, French writer on ethics and political science (b. 1773)
November 19 – Richard Mentor Johnson, Vice President of the United States (b. 1780)
November 22 – Lin Zexu, Chinese politician (b. 1785)
November 30 – Germain Henri Hess, Swiss chemist and doctor (b. 1802)
December 4
Robert Gilfillan, Scottish poet (b. 1798)
William Sturgeon, English physicist and inventor (b. 1783)
December 10
Józef Bem, Polish general (b. 1794)
François Sulpice Beudant, French mineralogist and geologist (b. 1787)
December 22 – William Plumer, U.S. lawyer and lay preacher (b. 1759)
December 24 – Frédéric Bastiat French author and economist (b. 1801)
December 28 – Heinrich Christian Schumacher, German astronomer (b. 1780)
date unknown
Edward Bickersteth, English evangelical divine (b. 1786)
Elizabeth Simcoe, wife of John Graves Simcoe (b. 1762)
Nur Singh, regent of Manipur
Tan Tock Seng, Singaporean businessman philanthropist
William Hamilton Maxwell, Scots-Irish novelist (b. 1792)
Notes
af:1850
am:1850 እ.ኤ.አ.
ar:ملحق:1850
an:1850
ast:1850
gn:1850
az:1850
bn:১৮৫০
zh-min-nan:1850 nî
map-bms:1850
be:1850
be-x-old:1850
bh:१८५०
bcl:1850
bs:1850
br:1850
bg:1850
ca:1850
cv:1850
cs:1850
cbk-zam:1850
co:1850
cy:1850
da:1850
de:1850
et:1850
el:1850
myv:1850 ие
es:1850
eo:1850
eu:1850
fa:۱۸۵۰ (میلادی)
hif:1850
fr:1850
fy:1850
ga:1850
gv:1850
gd:1850
gl:1850
gan:1850年
ko:1850년
hy:1850
hi:१८५०
hr:1850.
io:1850
ilo:1850
bpy:মারি ১৮৫০
id:1850
ia:1850
os:1850-æм аз
is:1850
it:1850
he:1850
jv:1850
kn:೧೮೫೦
ka:1850
csb:1850
sw:1850
ht:1850 (almanak gregoryen)
la:1850
lv:1850
lb:1850
lt:1850 m.
lij:1850
hu:1850
mk:1850
mi:1850
mr:इ.स. १८५०
arz:1850
ms:1850
nah:1850
nl:1850
new:ई सं १८५०
ja:1850年
nap:1850
no:1850
nn:1850
nrm:1850
nov:1850
oc:1850
mhr:1850
uz:1850
pi:१८५०
nds:1850
pl:1850
pt:1850
ksh:Joohr 1850
ro:1850
qu:1850
ru:1850 год
sah:1850
se:1850
sq:1850
scn:1850
simple:1850
sk:1850
sl:1850
sr:1850
su:1850
fi:1850
sv:1850
tl:1850
te:1850
tet:1850
th:พ.ศ. 2393
tr:1850
tk:1850
uk:1850
vec:1850
vi:1850
vo:1850
wa:1850
vls:1850
war:1850
ts:1850
yo:1850
zh-yue:1850年
bat-smg:1850
zh:1850年
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