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The Agawa Canyon is a shallow canyon located deep in the sparsely populated Algoma District in the Canadian province of Ontario. It was created 1.2 billion years ago by faulting along the Canadian Shield and then enlarged by the erosive action of the Agawa River. The Agawa Canyon Wilderness Park is only accessible by hiking trail or the Algoma Central Railway, and is located 114 rail miles north west of Sault Ste. Marie.
Geography
At their highest point, the walls of the Agawa Canyon rise above the river. The park is situated in the transitional zone between the Great Lakes – St. Lawrence Forest region and the Boreal Forest, with diverse and numerous representative flora from both regions present in the canyon. Annual snowfall in the canyon exceeds , with a record snowfall of recorded during the winter of 1989.
Four waterfalls dot the canyon's rim and feed the Agawa River. The North and South Black Beaver Falls are high. The tallest waterfall in the park is Bridal Veil Falls at . Otter Creek Falls is the shortest waterfall at . The upper part of Otter Creek provides natural spawning beds for speckled trout, with the falls itself fed by small beaver ponds above the canyon.
Flora and fauna Common plant species that flower in the spring and summer include fireweed, yellow and orange hawkweed, Oxeye daisy, nodding trillium, and yellow clintonia. Species flowering later in the season include Viper's Bugloss, bladder campion, yarrow, evening primrose and a variety of asters.
Beaver and otter are abundant in the Agawa River, as are several species of duck including mergansers, wood ducks and goldeneyes. The steep canyon walls and proximity of the rail tracks render the area fairly unappealing to moose and bear; however, the area abounds with small mammals including red chipmunks, meadow voles and groundhogs. Commonly sighted birds include ravens, robins, grackles, ruffed grouse, and great blue herons. A variety of raptors frequent the canyon including merlins, golden eagles, broad wing hawks and American Kestrels.
History The first track in the Agawa Canyon was laid during the winter of 1911. The Algoma Central Railway began development of the Agawa Canyon Wilderness Park in 1952 with the clearing of a picnic area. With increased service from Algoma Central's Agawa Canyon Tour Train, the area's natural beauty makes it a popular tourist stop. Since 1952, over three million people have visited Agawa Canyon. The word Agawa is native Ojibway for "shelter".
Between 1918 and 1923 several members of the Canada's Group of Seven painted in the Algoma region including Lawren Harris, A. Y. Jackson, Frank Johnston, J. E. H. MacDonald, and Arthur Lismer. To gain access to this remote area they rented a boxcar from The Algoma Central Railway, which had been outfitted like a cabin and was shunted to sidings near choice painting locations. From these locations they set out on foot or canoe to capture this untamed area on canvas. Their paintings brought this vast, rugged, and beautiful part of the country to fellow Canadians and the world.
Attractions
Five short nature trails cross the park area. They are the Ed Foote Trail, Lookout Trail, Otter Creek Trail, River Trail, and Talus Trail.
When you visit the canyon you are invited to climb 372 steps that lead to the "Lookout" located on the wall of the gorge. The observation platform situated 250ft/76m above the tracks provides a panoramic view of the canyon.
The Algoma Central Railway offers tours trains to canyon in the summer, fall and winter months; during late September and October for the changing colors and in December, January and February for the "snow train".
References [http://www.agawacanyontourtrain.com Algoma Central Railway]
[http://www.ontarioparks.ca Ontario Parks]
Category:Geography of Algoma District, Ontario
Category:Canyons and gorges of Ontario
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