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Macedonia (; , Makedonía, ) is a geographical and historical region of Greece in southeastern Europe. Macedonia is the largest and second most populous Greek region. The region and that of Thrace are often together referred to informally as northern Greece.
This northern Greek region incorporates most of the territories of ancient Macedon, the kingdom ruled by the Argeads whose most celebrated members were Alexander the Great and his father Philip II. The name Macedonia was later applied to identify various administrative areas in the Roman and Byzantine Empires with widely differing borders. Under the Ottomans, the name disappeared altogether.
Even before the establishment of the Modern Greek state in 1830, it was identified as a Greek province, even though Macedonia had no geographical borders[“The whole of Greece is divided into four great pashaliks; Tripolizza, Egripo or Neropont, Yanina, and Salonica. The pashalik of […] Salonica [comprises], the southern divisions of Macedonia. The north of Macedonia is governed by beys;…” Quoted from: Thomas Thornton, The Present State of Turkey, London 1807, Vol. 2, p. 10, [http://depts.washington.edu/cartah/text_archive/thornton/t2c5.shtml Washington.edu]][[http://depts.washington.edu/cartah/text_archive/thornton/page_images/t2c5_p010.jpg Washington.edu]][“The most fertile districts of Greece are Macedonia, Thessaly, and the eastern parts of Phocis and Boeotia.” Quoted from: Conder, Josiah: The Modern Traveller, Volume the Fifteenth: Greece. London : J.Duncan, 1830, Vol. 1, p. 12. [http://www.archive.org/stream/moderntraveller15condiala Archive.org]][“There is some difficulty in prescribing the exact boundaries of the country properly called Greece. Formerly it included Macedonia, Peloponnesus, the Ionian Islands, Crete and a part of what is now called Albania. [...] The present divisions of Greece, adopted by the [1829] provisional government, are the following: Eastern Hellas, Western Hellas, Morea, Epirus, Thessaly, Macedonia, Crete, and the Islands. […] What proportion of Macedonia is considered as coming within the boundaries of Greece, we have no means of deciding" Quoted from: John L. Comstock, History of the Greek Revolution compiled from official documents of the Greek government, New York 1829, [http://books.google.com/books?id=fy0FAAAAMAAJ&printsec=titlepage#PPA5,M1 pages 5] and [http://books.google.com/books?id=fy0FAAAAMAAJ&printsec=titlepage#PPA6,M1 6], Google Books] By the mid 19th century, the name was becoming consolidated informally, defining more of a distinct geographical, rather than political, region in the southern Balkans. At the end of the Ottoman Empire most of the region known as Rumelia (from Ottoman , "Land of the Romans") was divided by the Treaty of Bucharest of 1913, following the Ottoman defeat in the Balkan Wars of 1912-1913. Greece, Serbia, Bulgaria each took control of portions of the territory, with Greece obtaining the largest portion; a small section went to Albania. The region was an administrative subdivision of Greece until the administrative reform of 1987, when the region was subdivided into the peripheries of West Macedonia and Central Macedonia and part of the periphery of East Macedonia and Thrace, the latter containing also the whole of the region of Thrace.[Π.Δ. 51/87 “Καθορισμός των Περιφερειών της Χώρας για το σχεδιασμό κ.λ.π. της Περιφερειακής Ανάπτυξης” (''Determination of the Peripheries of the Country for the planning etc. of the development of the peripheries, Efimeris tis Kyverniseos ΦΕΚ A 26/06.03.1987]
History
=Prehistory=
Macedonia (region), 'History'}}
Macedonia lies at the crossroads of human development between the Aegean and the Balkans. The earliest signs of human habitation date back to the palaeolithic period. In the Late Neolithic period (c. 4500 to 3500 BC), trade took place from quite distant regions, indicate rapid socio-economic changes. One of the most important changes was the start of copper working.
=Ancient History=
thumb's Empire.]]
According to Herodotus, the history of Macedonia began with the Makednoi tribe, among the first to use the name, migrating to the region from Histiaeotis in the south. There they lived near non-Greek tribes such as the Bryges that would later leave Macedonia for Asia Minor and become known as Phrygians. Macedonia was named after the Makednoi. Accounts of other toponyms such as Emathia are attested to have been in use before that.
A branch of Macedonians invaded Southern Greece, where, upon reaching Peloponnese were renamed to Dorians triggering the accounts of the Dorian invasion. For centuries the Macedonian tribes were organized in independent kingdoms, in what is now Central Macedonia, and their role in Greek politics was minimal. The rest of the region was inhabited by various Thracian and Illyrian tribes as well as mostly coastal colonies of other Greek states such as Amphipolis, Olynthos, Potidea, Stageira and many others. During the late 6th and early 5th century BC, the region came under Persian rule until the destruction of Xerxes at Plataea. In the next century, Macedonia became the theatre of many military actions by the Lacedaemonians and the Athenians and saw incursions of Thracians and Illyrians, as attested by Thucidydes. The kingdom of Macedon, was reorganised by Philip II and achieved Greek hegemony during his years. This is where the Greek history of the remainder of today's Greek Region of Macedonia. After his assassination, his son Alexander succeeded to the throne of Macedon and, retaining the office of "General of Greece", he became one of the best known persona this land ever gave birth to. Macedonia remained an important and powerful kingdom until it was annexed by the Romans in 148 BC. The region remained under Roman rule for centuries and went under various administrative names.
=Medieval history=
thumb.]]
thumb was a monk,patriarch and theologian who was born in Veria,Macedonia
Under Byzantine rule, the territory of the Greek region of Macedonia was divided as part of various administrative regions, called themata. Confusion sometimes occurs when referring to the Theme of Macedonia, which was in fact located in Thrace.[Treadgold, Byzantium and Its Army, 29] Following the Bulgarian incursions of the 7th century, for long only the coastal areas remained under effective Byzantine control, while most of the hinterland was disputed between Byzantium and Bulgaria.
Familiarity with the strong Slavic element in the area led two brothers from Thessaloniki, Saints Cyril and Methodius, to be chosen to convert the Slavs to Christianity. Following the campaigns of Basil II, all of Macedonia returned to the Byzantine state. Following the Fourth Crusade 1203–1204, a short-lived Crusader realm, the Kingdom of Thessalonica, was established in the region, but it was subdued by the Greek Despotate of Epirus in 1224. Returning to the restored Byzantine Empire shortly thereafter, the area remained in Byzantine hands until the 1340s, when all of Macedonia (except Thessaloniki, and possibly Veria) was conquered by the Serbian ruler Stefan Dusan.[Fine, The Late Medieval Balkans, 301–302] Divided between Serbia and Bulgaria after Dusan's death, the region fell quickly to the advancing Ottomans, with Thessaloniki alone holding out until 1387. After a brief Byzantine interval in 1403–1430, the city and its immediate area returned to the Ottomans.[Vacalopoulos, History of Macedonia 1354–1833, [http://www.promacedonia.org/en/av/av_3_4.htm 89–97]]
The capture of Thessalonica threw the Greek world into consternation, being regarded as the prelude to the fall of Constantinople itself. The memory of the event has survived through folk traditions containing fact and myths. Apostolos Vacalopoulos records the following Turkish tradition connected with the capture of Thessalonica:[Vacalopoulos, History of Macedonia 1354–1833, [http://www.promacedonia.org/en/av/av_3_4.htm 97]]
=Ottoman Rule=
=Modern history=
Greece gained the region from the Ottoman Empire, after the Second Balkan War with the Treaty of Bucharest (1913).
Etymology
There are a number of theories for the etymology of the name Macedonia:
#According to Herodotus, both the Dorians and Macedonians descended from the Makednoi tribe. The name of the latter two probably derives from the Doric noun , mākos (Attic and modern Greek , mákros and , mēkos), meaning "length", and the adjective , makednós, meaning "tall, taper", since both the Macedonians (Makedónes) and their Makednoi tribal ancestors were regarded as tall people. The adjective is used by Homer in Odyssey (7.105f), to describe a tall poplar tree, and by Aristophanes in his comedy the Birds, to describe a wall built around their imaginary city.
#The district of Macedonia took its name from the Macedonian people, who in turn owe their name to Macedon, who according to Hesiod was the son of Zeus and Thyia, Deucalion's daughter. Hesiod makes Magnes and Macedon brothers, cousins of Graecus, sons of Zeus and grandchildren of Deucalion, the progenitor of all Greeks.
Local government Macedonia is divided into three peripheries comprising thirteen prefectures (Greek: νομοί). Two of these prefectures (Drama and Kavala) are part of the Drama–Kavala–Xanthi super-prefecture. The prefectures are further divided into municipalities (Greek: δήμοι, demoi) or "communities" (Greek: κοινότητες – roughly equivalent to British or Australian shires). They are overseen by the Ministry for the Interior, while the Ministry of Macedonia and Thrace is responsible for the coordination and application of the government's policies in the region.
Macedonia borders the neighboring peripheries of Thessaly, Thrace (part of the East Macedonia and Thrace periphery) and Epirus. The three Macedonian peripheries and their prefectures are:
| Map of Macedonia | Number | Periphery | Capital | Area | Population |
|---|
300px | | Total | 301,522 | || width="32px" bgcolor="#FFCBCB" | Kozani || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |9,451 km²|| style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |301,522 | 1 | Kastoria Prefecture | Kastoria | 53,483 | || style="text-align:right" |53,483 | 2 | Florina Prefecture | Florina | 54,768 | || style="text-align:right" |54,768 | 3 | Kozani Prefecture | Kozani | 155,324 | || style="text-align:right" |155,324 | 4 | Grevena Prefecture | Grevena | 37,947 | || style="text-align:right" |37,947 | Total | 1,871,952 | || width="32px" bgcolor="#B9FFC5" | Thessaloniki ||style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#B9FFC5" |18,811 km²|| style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#B9FFC5" |1,871,952 | 5 | Pella Prefecture | Edessa | 145,797 | || style="text-align:right"|145,797 | 6 | Imathia Prefecture | Veria | 143,618 | || style="text-align:right"|143,618 | 7 | Pieria Prefecture | Katerini | 129,846 | || style="text-align:right"|129,846 | 8 | Kilkis Prefecture | Kilkis | 89,056 | || style="text-align:right"|89,056 | 9 | Thessaloniki Prefecture | Thessaloniki | 1,057,825 | || style="text-align:right"|1,057,825 | 10 | Chalkidiki Prefecture | Polygyros | 104,894 | || style="text-align:right"|104,894 | 11 | Serres Prefecture | Serres | 200,916 | || style="text-align:right"|200,916 | Total | 249,029 | || width="32px" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" | Kavala || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |5,579 km²|| style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |249,029 | 12 | Drama Prefecture | Drama | 103,975 | || style="text-align:right"|103,975 | 13 | Kavala Prefecture | Kavala | 145,054 | || style="text-align:right"|145,054 | - | Mount Athos (Autonomous) | Karyes | 2,262 | || style="text-align:right"|2,262 | Total | [http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_1_TB_DC_01_03_Y.pdf 2001 census]}} | || width="32px" bgcolor="#FFDB58" | Thessaloniki || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFDB58" | 34,177 km² || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFDB58" | [http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_1_TB_DC_01_03_Y.pdf 2001 census]}}
The geographical region of Macedonia also includes the male-only autonomous monastic state of Mount Athos, but this is not part of the Macedonia precincts. Mount Athos is under the spiritual jurisdiction of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, and enjoys a special status: it is inaccessible to women;[Greek laws provide for a penalty of incarceration up to twelve months for women that violate this rule. For criticisms of this provision, see ] its territory is a self-governed part of Greece, and the powers of the state are exercized through a governor. The European Union takes this special status into consideration, particularly on matters of taxation exemption and rights of installation.[Council of Europe, Structure and Operation of Local and Regional Democracy, 8. See also the article 105 of the Constitution of Greece and the Common Declaration on Mount Athos attached to the Treaty of Entry of Greece to the EEC (1 January 1981).]
Economy and Transportthumb,major economic and industrial center.]]
Despite its rugged terrain, Macedonia possesses some of the richest farmland in Greece in the plain of Drama and the valleys of the Strimon and Axios. A wide variety of agricultural products and cash crops are grown, including rice, wheat, beans, olives, cotton, tobacco, fruit, grapes, wine and other alcoholic beverages. Food processing and textile weaving constitute the principal manufacturing industries. Tourism is a major industry along the coast, particularly in the Chalcidice peninsula, the island of Thasos and the northern approaches to Mount Olympus. Many tourists originate from Greece's immediate neighbors.
Thessaloniki is a major port city and industrial center; Kavala is the second harbor of Macedonia. Apart from the principal airport at Thessaloniki (Makedonia Airport), airports also exist in Kavala (M.Alexandros Airport), Kozani (Filippos Airport), and Kastoria (Aristotelis Airport). The "Via Egnatia" motorway crosses the full distance of Macedonia [http://www.egnatia.gr/files/images/Project_Status_ENG.jpg], linking most of its main cities. It also has a basic rail system, though most of it is single gauge which, with chronic underfunding and management deficiencies contribute contributing to slow to travel. The lack of modernisation and mostly single lines contribute to routine delays.
Culture
=Macedonian cuisine=
=Macedonian music=
DemographicsThe inhabitants are overwhelmingly ethnic Greeks and most are Greek Orthodox Christians. From the Middle Ages to the early 20th century, the ethnic composition of the region of Macedonia is characterized by uncertainty both about numbers and identification. The 1904 Ottoman census of Hilmi Pasha recorded 373,227 Greeks and 204,317 Bulgarians in the vilayet of Selânik (Thessaloniki) alone. According to the same census, Greeks were also dominant in the vilayet of Manastır (Bitola), counting 261,283 Greeks and 178,412 Bulgarians. Hugh Poulton, in his Who Are the Macedonians, notes that "assessing population figures is problematic"
During the first half of the twentieth century, major demographic shifts took place, which resulted in the region's population becoming overwhelmingly ethnic Greek. In 1919, Bulgaria and Greece signed the Treaty of Neuilly, which called for an exchange of populations between the two countries. According to the treaty, Bulgaria was considered to be the parent state of all ethnic Slavs living in Greece. Most ethnic Greeks from Bulgaria were resettled in Greek Macedonia; most Slavs were resettled in Bulgaria but a number, remained, most of them by changing or adapting their surnames and declaring themselves to be Greek so as to be exempt from the exchange. In 1923 Greece and Turkey signed the Treaty of Lausanne, and 600,000 Greek-speaking refugees from Anatolia were resettled in the region replacing Macedonian Turks and other Muslims (of Albanian, Greek, Roma, Slavic and Vlach ethnicity) under similar terms.
Macedonian cities during Ottoman rule were often known by multiple names (Greek, Slavic or Ottoman Turkish by the respective populations). After the partition of Ottoman Europe, most cities in Greece either became officially known by their Greek names or adopted Greek names; likewise most cities in Bulgaria and the Kingdom of Yugoslavia became officially known or adopted names in the languages of their respective states. After the population exchanges, many locations were renamed to the languages of their new occupants.
| Map of Macedonia | Number | Periphery | Capital | Area | Population |
|---|
300px | | Total | 301,522 | || width="32px" bgcolor="#FFCBCB" | Kozani || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |9,451 km²|| style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |301,522 | 1 | Kastoria Prefecture | Kastoria | 53,483 | || style="text-align:right" |53,483 | 2 | Florina Prefecture | Florina | 54,768 | || style="text-align:right" |54,768 | 3 | Kozani Prefecture | Kozani | 155,324 | || style="text-align:right" |155,324 | 4 | Grevena Prefecture | Grevena | 37,947 | || style="text-align:right" |37,947 | Total | 1,871,952 | || width="32px" bgcolor="#B9FFC5" | Thessaloniki ||style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#B9FFC5" |18,811 km²|| style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#B9FFC5" |1,871,952 | 5 | Pella Prefecture | Edessa | 145,797 | || style="text-align:right"|145,797 | 6 | Imathia Prefecture | Veria | 143,618 | || style="text-align:right"|143,618 | 7 | Pieria Prefecture | Katerini | 129,846 | || style="text-align:right"|129,846 | 8 | Kilkis Prefecture | Kilkis | 89,056 | || style="text-align:right"|89,056 | 9 | Thessaloniki Prefecture | Thessaloniki | 1,057,825 | || style="text-align:right"|1,057,825 | 10 | Chalkidiki Prefecture | Polygyros | 104,894 | || style="text-align:right"|104,894 | 11 | Serres Prefecture | Serres | 200,916 | || style="text-align:right"|200,916 | Total | 249,029 | || width="32px" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" | Kavala || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |5,579 km²|| style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |249,029 | 12 | Drama Prefecture | Drama | 103,975 | || style="text-align:right"|103,975 | 13 | Kavala Prefecture | Kavala | 145,054 | || style="text-align:right"|145,054 | - | Mount Athos (Autonomous) | Karyes | 2,262 | || style="text-align:right"|2,262 | Total | [http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_1_TB_DC_01_03_Y.pdf 2001 census]}} | || width="32px" bgcolor="#FFDB58" | Thessaloniki || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFDB58" | 34,177 km² || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFDB58" | [http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_1_TB_DC_01_03_Y.pdf 2001 census]}}
The population was badly affected by the Second World War through starvation, executions, massacres and deportations. Nazi-aligned Bulgarian occupation forces persecuted the local Greek population and settled Bulgarian colonists in their occupation zone in eastern Macedonia and western Thrace, deporting all Jews from the region. Total civilian deaths in Macedonia are estimated at over 400,000, including up to 55,000 Greek Jews. Further heavy fighting affected the region during the Greek Civil War which, combined with post-war poverty, drove many inhabitants of rural Macedonia to emigrate to the towns and cities, or abroad. Even today, many parts of Macedonia are fairly sparsely inhabited.
Greek is by far the most widely spoken and the only official language of public life and education in Macedonia. The local Macedonian dialect is spoken alongside dialects from other parts of Greece and Pontic Greek still spoken by some Greeks of Pontic descent. Macedonian Slavic dialects are the most widely spoken minority language while Aromanian, Arvanitic, Megleno-Romanian, Turkish and Romani are also spoken. Ladino is still spoken by some Jews in Thessaloniki.
After the fall of communism throughout Eastern Europe in the late 1980s and early 1990s, a large number of economic refugees and immigrants from other south-east European countries, such as Albania, Bulgaria, the Republic of Macedonia, Romania and Serbia, as well as from more distant countries such as Russia, the Ukraine, Armenia and Georgia, have arrived in Greece (including Macedonia) to seek employment.
=Population of largest towns=
thumb's port.]]
thumb.]]
| Map of Macedonia | Number | Periphery | Capital | Area | Population |
|---|
300px | | Total | 301,522 | || width="32px" bgcolor="#FFCBCB" | Kozani || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |9,451 km²|| style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFCBCB" |301,522 | 1 | Kastoria Prefecture | Kastoria | 53,483 | || style="text-align:right" |53,483 | 2 | Florina Prefecture | Florina | 54,768 | || style="text-align:right" |54,768 | 3 | Kozani Prefecture | Kozani | 155,324 | || style="text-align:right" |155,324 | 4 | Grevena Prefecture | Grevena | 37,947 | || style="text-align:right" |37,947 | Total | 1,871,952 | || width="32px" bgcolor="#B9FFC5" | Thessaloniki ||style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#B9FFC5" |18,811 km²|| style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#B9FFC5" |1,871,952 | 5 | Pella Prefecture | Edessa | 145,797 | || style="text-align:right"|145,797 | 6 | Imathia Prefecture | Veria | 143,618 | || style="text-align:right"|143,618 | 7 | Pieria Prefecture | Katerini | 129,846 | || style="text-align:right"|129,846 | 8 | Kilkis Prefecture | Kilkis | 89,056 | || style="text-align:right"|89,056 | 9 | Thessaloniki Prefecture | Thessaloniki | 1,057,825 | || style="text-align:right"|1,057,825 | 10 | Chalkidiki Prefecture | Polygyros | 104,894 | || style="text-align:right"|104,894 | 11 | Serres Prefecture | Serres | 200,916 | || style="text-align:right"|200,916 | Total | 249,029 | || width="32px" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" | Kavala || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |5,579 km²|| style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#CCCCFF" |249,029 | 12 | Drama Prefecture | Drama | 103,975 | || style="text-align:right"|103,975 | 13 | Kavala Prefecture | Kavala | 145,054 | || style="text-align:right"|145,054 | - | Mount Athos (Autonomous) | Karyes | 2,262 | || style="text-align:right"|2,262 | Total | [http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_1_TB_DC_01_03_Y.pdf 2001 census]}} | || width="32px" bgcolor="#FFDB58" | Thessaloniki || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFDB58" | 34,177 km² || style="text-align:right" width="32px" bgcolor="#FFDB58" | [http://www.statistics.gr/gr_tables/S1101_SAP_1_TB_DC_01_03_Y.pdf 2001 census]}}
=Regional identity=
thumb headline quoting Kostas Karamanlis:
"I myself am a Macedonian, just as 2.5 million Greeks are Macedonians."]]
Macedonians () is the term by which ethnic Greeks originating from the region are known. Macedonians came to be of particular importance during the Balkan Wars when they were a minority population inside the Ottoman province of Macedonia. The Macedonians now have a strong regional identity, manifested both in Greece[Liotta, P. H. and Simons, A. [http://www.carlisle.army.mil/usawc/parameters/98winter/liotta.htm Thicker than Water? Kin, Religion, and Conflict in the Balkans], from Parameters, Winter 1998, pp. 11-27] and by emigrant groups in the Greek diaspora.[Jupp, J. The Australian People: An Encyclopedia of the Nation, Its People and Their Origins, Cambridge University Press, October 1, 2001. ISBN 0-521-80789-1, p. 147.] This sense of identity has been highlighted in the context of the Macedonian naming dispute after the break-up of Yugoslavia, in which Greece objects to its northern neighbour calling itself the "Republic of Macedonia", since explicit self-identification as Macedonian is a matter of national pride for many Greeks.[Floudas, Demetrius Andreas; ] A characteristic expression of this attitude could be seen when Greek newspapers headlined a declaration by Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis at a meeting of the Council of Europe in Strasbourg in January 2007, saying that "I myself am a Macedonian, and another two and a half million Greeks are Macedonians."
=Minority populations=
The exact size of the linguistic and ethnic minority groups of Macedonia is officially unknown, as Greece has not conducted a census on the question of mother tongue since 1951. The main minority groups in Macedonia are:
Slavic-speakers
thumb
Slavic-speakers are concentrated in the Florina, Kastoria, Edessa, Giannitsa, Ptolemaida and Naousa regions. Their dialects are linguistically classified variously either as Macedonian or Bulgarian, depending on the region and on political orientation. The exact number of the minority is difficult to know, together with its members' choice of ethnic identification, is difficult to ascertain; most maximum estimates range around 100,000–120,000. The Greek branch of the former International Helsinki Federation for Human Rights has estimated that those of an ethnic Macedonian national conscienceness number between 10,000–30,000.
Aromanians
''See also: Aromanians in Greece and Aromanian speakers of Greece
Aromanians form a minority population through out much of Macedonia. They largely identify as Greeks and most belong to the Greek Orthodox Church. In the 1951 census they numbered 39,855 in all Greece (the number in Macedonia proper is unknown). Many Aromanians villages can be found along the slopes of the Vermion Mountains and Mount Olympus. Smaller numbers can be found in the Prespes region and near the Gramos mountains.
Megleno-Romanians
Megleno-Romanians can be found in the Moglena region of Macedonia. The Megleno-Romanian language is traditionally spoken in the 11 Vlach villages, Archangelos, Notia, Karpi, Koupa, Langadia, Perikleia, Skra and Kastaneri (the other three are found in the Republic of Macedonia). They are generally adherents to the Orthodox Church while the former majority in Notia was Muslim.
Arvanites
Arvanites communities can be found in Greek Macedonia. Five Arvanite communities exist in Serres prefecture while many can be found in the capital, Thessaloniki. There are three Arvanites villages in the Florina prefecture (Drosopigi, Lechovo and Flambouro) with others located in Kilkis and Thessaloniki regions.[Euromosaic (1996): "L'arvanite / albanais en Grèce". Report published by the Institut de Sociolingüística Catalana.]
Others
Other minority groups include Jews (Sephardim and Romaniotes), Armenians and Roma. Roma communities are concentrated mainly around the city of Thessaloniki. An uncertain number of them live in Macedonia from the total of about 200,000-300,000 that live scattered on all the regions of Greece.[Hellenic Republic: National Commission for Human Rights: [http://www.nchr.gr/category.php?category_id=99 The state of Roma in Greece]]
See also Macedonians (Greeks)
Macedonia (region)
Macedonia (terminology)
List of Macedonians (Greek)
Peripheries of Greece
References
=Bibliography=
=Notes=
External links[http://www.mpa.gr Macedonian Press Agency]
[http://www.museumsofmacedonia.gr/ Museums of Macedonia]
[http://www.hri.org/Martis/ Nikolaos Martis - Macedonia's Hellenism: Empirical documents and sources]
[http://www.macedonian-heritage.gr An online review of Macedonian affairs, history and culture]
[http://www.ems.name/ EMS.name]
[http://www.uom.gr University of Macedonia]
[http://www.uowm.gr University of Western Macedonia]
[http://vergina.eng.auth.gr/macedonia/ Macedonia, The Historical Profile of Northern Greece]
[http://atp.caeds.eng.uml.edu/kkotsidou/macedonia.html Map of Makedonia]
[http://www.teiser.gr/ Technological Educational Institution of Serres]
[http://web.auth.gr/tefaa-sr/ Department of Physical Education Science & Athletics of Serres]
[http://www.unrv.com/provinces/macedonia.php Roman province of Macedonia]
[http://www.bigupload.com/d=908855DA Macedonia, Greece - History And Politics - eBook Greek Language (ISBN 960-6-0337-5)]
[http://www.alistraticave.gr/ Alistrati Cave in Serres]
[http://www.kerkini.gr/ Lake Kerkini in Serres - Kerkini Wetland (Ramsar & Natura 2000 Protected)]
=Official links=
[http://www.mathra-sights.gr/index.php?lan=en/ Macedonia and Thrace region site]
[http://www.mathra.gr/ Ministry for Macedonia–Thrace]
[http://www.rcm.gr/ Region of Central Macedonia]
[http://www.westernmacedonia.gr/ Region of Western Macedonia]
[http://www.remth.gr/ Region of Eastern Macedonia and Thrace]
[http://www.naserron.gr/ Serres Prefecture]
[http://www.thessaloniki.gr City of Thessaloniki]
[http://www.edessacity.gr City of Edessa]
[http://www.serres.gr/ City of Serres]
[http://www.usconsulate.gr/MapsGR/Ma_main.gif Map of Macedonia]
Category:Geography of Greece
Category:Regions of Greece
Category:Politics of Greece
af:Masedonië (Griekeland)
als:Makedonien (Griechenland)
roa-rup:Makedonia Gãrtseascã
ast:Macedonia (Grecia)
az:Yunanıstan Makedoniyası
bn:ম্যাসেডোনিয়া (গ্রীস)
be:Македонія, Грэцыя
be-x-old:Македонія (Грэцыя)
bs:Makedonija (Grčka)
br:Makedonia (Gres)
bg:Егейска Македония
ca:Macedònia (Grècia)
cs:Makedonie (Řecko)
cy:Macedonia (Gwlad Groeg)
da:Makedonien (græsk region)
de:Makedonien (griechische Region)
el:Μακεδονία (διαμέρισμα)
es:Macedonia (Grecia)
eo:Makedonio (Grekio)
fr:Macédoine grecque
gl:Macedonia - Μακεδονία
ko:마케도니아 (그리스)
hr:Makedonija (Grčka)
it:Macedonia (Grecia)
he:מקדוניה היוונית
la:Macedonia Graeca
lb:Makedonien (Griicheland)
lt:Makedonija (Graikija)
mk:Егејска Македонија
nl:Macedonië (Griekenland)
ja:マケドニア (ギリシャ)
no:Makedonia (Hellas)
nn:Gresk Makedonia
oc:Macedònia (Grècia)
pl:Macedonia (Grecja)
pnt:Μακεδονία
pt:Macedónia (Grécia)
ro:Macedonia (Grecia)
ru:Македония (Греция)
sq:Maqedonia (Greqi)
scn:Macidonia (Grecia)
simple:Macedonia (Greece)
sr:Егејска Македонија
sh:Makedonija (Grčka)
fi:Makedonia (Kreikka)
sv:Makedonien (region i Grekland)
tr:Makedonya (Yunanistan)
uk:Македонія (Греція)
ur:مقدونیہ (یونان)
bat-smg:Makeduonėjė (Graikėjė)
zh:马其顿 (希腊)
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