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Events42 BC – Roman Republican civil wars: Second Battle of Philippi – Mark Antony and Octavian decisively defeat Brutus's army. Brutus commits suicide.
425 – Valentinian III is elevated as Roman Emperor, at the age of 6.
502 – The Synodus Palmaris, called by Gothic king Theodoric the Great, discharges Pope Symmachus of all charges, thus ending the schism of Antipope Laurentius.
1086 – At the Battle of az-Zallaqah, the army of Yusuf ibn Tashfin defeats the forces of Castilian King Alfonso VI.
1157 – The Battle of Grathe Heath ends the civil war in Denmark. King Sweyn III is killed and Valdemar I restores the country.
1295 – The first treaty forming the Auld Alliance between Scotland and France against England is signed in Paris.
1641 – Outbreak of the Irish Rebellion of 1641.
1642 – Battle of Edgehill: First major battle of the First English Civil War.
1694 – British/American colonial forces, led by Sir William Phipps, fail to seize Quebec from the French.
1707 – The first Parliament of Great Britain meets.
1739 – War of Jenkins' Ear starts: British Prime Minister, Robert Walpole, reluctantly declares war on Spain.
1812 – Claude François de Malet, a French general, begins a conspiracy to overthrow Napoleon Bonaparte, claiming that the Emperor died in Russia and that he is now the commandant of Paris.
1850 – The first National Women's Rights Convention begins in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States.
1861 – U.S. President Abraham Lincoln suspends the writ of habeas corpus in Washington, D.C., for all military-related cases.
1864 – American Civil War: Battle of Westport – Union forces under General Samuel R. Curtis defeat Confederate troops led by General Sterling Price at Westport, near Kansas City.
1867 – 72 Senators are summoned by Royal Proclamation to serve as the first members of the Canadian Senate.
1870 – Franco-Prussian War: the Siege of Metz concludes with a decisive Prussian victory.
1906 – Alberto Santos-Dumont flies an airplane in the first heavier-than-air flight in Europe at Champs de Bagatelle, Paris, France.
1911 – First use of aircraft in war: An Italian pilot takes off from Libya to observe Turkish army lines during the Turco-Italian War.
1912 – First Balkan War: The Battle of Kumanovo between the Serbian and Ottoman armies begins.
1915 – Woman's suffrage: In New York City, 25,000-33,000 women march on Fifth Avenue to advocate their right to vote.
1917 – Lenin calls for the October Revolution.
1929 – Great Depression: After a steady decline in stock market prices since a peak in September, the New York Stock Exchange begins to show signs of panic.
1929 – The first North American transcontinental air service begins between New York City and Los Angeles, California.
1935 – Dutch Schultz, Abe Landau, Otto Berman, and Bernard "Lulu" Rosencrantz are fatally shot at a saloon in Newark, New Jersey in what will become known as The Chophouse Massacre.
1941 – World War II: Field Marshal Georgy Zhukov takes command of Red Army operations to prevent the further advance into Russia of German forces and to prevent the Wehrmacht from capturing Moscow.
1942 – World War II: Second Battle of El Alamein: – At El Alamein in northern Egypt, the British Eighth Army under Field Marshal Montgomery begins a critical offensive to expel the Axis armies from Egypt.
1942 – All 12 passengers and crewmen aboard an American Airlines DC-3 airliner are killed when it is struck by a U.S. Army Air Forces bomber near Palm Springs, California. Amongst the victims is award-winning composer and songwriter Ralph Rainger ("Thanks for the Memory", "Love in Bloom", "Blue Hawaii").
1942 – World War II: The Battle for Henderson Field begins during the Guadalcanal Campaign and ends on October 26.
1944 – World War II: Battle of Leyte Gulf – The largest naval battle in history begins in the Philippines.
1944 – World War II: The Soviet Red Army enters Hungary.
1946 – The United Nations General Assembly convenes for the first time, at an auditorium in Flushing, Queens, New York City.
1956 – Thousands of Hungarians protest against the government and Soviet occupation. (The Hungarian Revolution is crushed on November 4).
1958 – The Springhill Mine Bump – An underground earthquake traps 174 miners in the No. 2 colliery at Springhill, Nova Scotia, the deepest coal mine in North America at the time. By November 1, rescuers from around the world had dug out 100 of the victims, marking the death toll at 74.
1958 – The Smurfs, a fictional race of blue dwarves, later popularized in a Hanna-Barbera animated cartoon series, appear for the first time in the story Le flute à six schtroumpfs, a Johan and Peewit adventure by Peyo which is serialized in the weekly comics magazine Spirou
1965 – Vietnam War: The 1st Cavalry Division (United States) (Airmobile), in conjunction with South Vietnamese forces, launches a new operation seeking to destroy North Vietnamese forces in Pleiku in the II Corps Tactical Zone (the Central Highlands).
1973 – The Watergate Scandal: US President Richard M. Nixon agrees to turn over subpoenaed audio tapes of his Oval Office conversations.
1973 – A United Nations sanctioned cease-fire officially ends the Yom Kippur War between Israel and Syria.
1983 – Lebanon Civil War: The U.S. Marines barracks in Beirut is hit by a truck bomb, killing 241 U.S. Marines. A French army barracks in Lebanon is also hit that same morning, killing 58 troops.
1989 – The Hungarian Republic is officially declared by president Mátyás Szűrös, replacing the communist Hungarian People's Republic.
1989 – Phillips Disaster in Pasadena, Texas kills 23 and injures 314.
1992 – Emperor Akihito becomes the first Emperor of Japan to stand on Chinese soil.
1993 – Shankill Road bombing: A Provisional IRA bomb prematurely detonates in the Shankill area of Belfast, killing the bomber and nine civilians.
1993 – The Toronto Blue Jays win the World Series.
1996 – New York Yankees set record by coming back from 6-0 in World Series game to beat Atlanta Braves 8-6, also set record of 7th straight road win
1998 – Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinian Chairman Yasser Arafat reach a "land for peace" agreement.
2001 – The Provisional IRA begins disarmament after peace talks.
2001 – Apple releases the iPod.
2002 – Moscow Theatre Siege begins: Chechen terrorists seize the House of Culture theater in Moscow and take approximately 700 theater-goers hostage.
2004 – A powerful earthquake and its aftershocks hit Niigata prefecture, northern Japan, killing 35 people, injuring 2,200, and leaving 85,000 homeless or evacuated.
2007 – A powerful cold front in the Bay of Campeche causes the Usumacinta Jackup rig to collide with Kab 101, leading to the death and drowning of 22 people during rescue operations after evacuation of the rig.
2009 – The United Nations "Rotterdam Rules" convention regulating international maritime carriage of goods is ratified with its twentieth signature.
Births1503 – Isabella of Portugal, queen of Spain and empress of Germany (d. 1539)
1516 – Charlotte de Valois, princess of France (d. 1524)
1634 – Hedvig Eleonora of Holstein-Gottorp, Queen of Sweden (d. 1715)
1698 – Ange-Jacques Gabriel, French architect (d. 1782)
1705 – Maximilian Ulysses Count Browne, Austrian field marshal (d. 1757)
1715 – Peter II of Russia (d. 1730)
1762 – Samuel Morey, American inventor (d. 1843)
1766 – Emmanuel, marquis de Grouchy, French marshal (d. 1847)
1771 – Jean-Andoche Junot, French general (d. 1813)
1790 – Chauncey Allen Goodrich, American clergyman (d. 1860)
1796 – Stefano Franscini, Swiss Federal Councilor (d. 1857)
1801 – Albert Lortzing, German composer (d. 1851)
1805 – John Russell Bartlett, American linguist (d. 1886)
1813 – Ludwig Leichhardt, German explorer (d. 1848)
1815 – João Maurício Wanderley, Brazilian magistrate and politician (d. 1889)
1817 – Pierre Athanase Larousse, French lexicographer (d. 1875)
1835 – Adlai Stevenson I, American politician, 23rd Vice President (d. 1914)
1844 – Robert Bridges, English poet (d. 1930)
1865 – Neltje Blanchan, American writer (d. 1918)
1869 – John Heisman, American football player and coach (d. 1936)
1870 – Francis Kelley, Catholic Bishop of Oklahoma (d. 1948)
1873 – William D. Coolidge, American physicist and inventor (d. 1975)
1875 – Gilbert N. Lewis, American chemist (d. 1946)
1876 – Franz Schlegelberger, German judge and politician (d. 1970)
1880 – Una O'Connor, Irish actress (d. 1959)
1885 – Lawren Harris, Canadian painter (d. 1970)
1888 – Onésime Gagnon, Canadian politician (d. 1961)
1893 – Gummo Marx, American actor (d. 1977)
1894 – Rube Bressler, baseball player (d. 1966)
1896 – André Lévêque, French engineer (d. 1930)
1900 – Douglas Jardine, English cricketer (d. 1958)
1904 – Harvey Penick, American golfer (d. 1995)
1905 – Felix Bloch, Swiss physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1983)
1905 – Gertrude Ederle, American swimmer (d. 2003)
1908 – Ilya Frank, Russian physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1990)
1909 – Zellig Harris, American linguist (d. 1992)
1910 – Richard Mortensen, Danish painter (d. 1993)
1918 – James Daly, American actor (d. 1978)
1919 – Manolis Andronikos, Greek archaeologist, professor at the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (d. 1992)
1920 – Ted Fujita, Japanese meteorologist (d. 1998)
1922 – Coleen Gray, American actress
1923 – Aslam Farrukhi, Pakistani scholar and poet
1923 – Ned Rorem, American composer
1923 – Frank Sutton, American actor (d. 1974)
1925 – Johnny Carson, American television host (d. 2005)
1925 – Manos Hadjidakis, Greek composer (d. 1994)
1925 – Fred Shero, Canadian hockey player and coach (d. 1990)
1928 – Harold P. Warren, American movie director (d. 1985)
1928 – Bella Darvi, Polish-born French actress (d. 1971)
1927 – Leszek Kołakowski, Polish philosopher (d. 2009)
1931 – Jim Bunning, American baseball player and politician
1931 – Diana Dors, British actress (d. 1984)
1931 – William P. Clark, United States Secretary of the Interior under Ronald Reagan
1935 – Juan "Chi-Chi" Rodríguez, Puerto Rican golfer
1936 – Philip Kaufman, American film director
1937 – Carlos Lamarca, Brazilian military turned guerrilla leader (d. 1971)
1940 – Ellie Greenwich, American singer (d. 2009)
1940 – Pelé, Brazilian footballer
1940 – Baby Jane Holzer, American art collector, film producer and Andy Warhol "superstar"
1941 – Igor Smirnov, Moldovan politician
1941 – Mel Winkler, American actor
1942 – Michael Crichton, American writer (d. 2008)
1942 – Anita Roddick, founder of The Body Shop (d. 2007)
1944 – Mike Harding, English singer and comedian
1945 – Kim Larsen, Danish singer
1946 – Mel Martinez, American politician
1948 – Hermann Hauser, Austrian-born entrepreneur
1948 – Brian Ross, American journalist
1948 – Tony Anselmo, American animator and cartoon voice actor, current voice of Donald Duck (1985-present)
1949 – Michael 'Wurzel' Burston, British musician (Motörhead)
1949 – Nick Tosches, American writer
1951 – Charly García, Argentine singer
1951 – Fatmir Sejdiu, President of Kosovo
1952 – Pierre Moerlen, French drummer and percussionist (d. 2005)
1954 – Ang Lee, Taiwanese-born director
1956 – Dwight Yoakam, American singer
1957 – Martin Luther King III, American human rights advocate
1958 – Michael Eric Dyson, American activist, professor, author
1958 – Rose Nabinger, German singer
1959 – Nancy Grace, American former prosecutor
1959 – Sam Raimi, American film director
1959 – "Weird Al" Yankovic, American musical parodist
1960 – Randy Pausch, American computer science professor, author (d. 2008)
1960 – Wayne Rainey, American motorcyclist
1961 – Laurie Halse Anderson, American writer
1961 – Andoni Zubizarreta, Spanish footballer
1962 – Doug Flutie, American football player
1963 – Gordon Korman, Canadian-American Author
1964 – Robert Trujillo, American bassist (Metallica)
1965 – Augusten Burroughs, American writer
1965 – Al Leiter, American baseball player
1966 – Alex Zanardi, Italian race car driver
1967 – Dale Crover, American musician (Melvins, The Men of Porn, Altamont)
1969 – Brooke Theiss, American actress
1969 – Trudi Canavan, Australian writer
1970 – Grant Imahara, American TV Mythbuster
1970 – Zoe Wiseman, American Model and Photographer
1971 – Carlo Forlivesi, Italian composer
1971 – Christopher Horner, American cyclist
1972 – Bryan Pratt, Missouri Politician
1973 – Christian Dailly, Scottish footballer
1974 – Sander Westerveld, Dutch footballer
1974 – Jasmin St. Claire, Former pornographic actress
1975 – Odalys García, Cuban actress
1975 – Jessicka, American artist
1975 – Keith Van Horn, American basketball player
1975 – Michelle Beadle, American television personality
1976 – Cat Deeley, English model and television personality
1976 – Ryan Reynolds, Canadian actor
1978 – Steve Harmison, English cricketer
1978 – Jimmy Bullard, English footballer
1978 – Archie Thompson, Australian footballer
1979 – Simon Davies, Welsh footballer
1979 – Jorge Solís, Mexican professional boxer
1980 – Pedro Liriano, Dominican baseball player
1981 – Jeroen Bleekemolen, Dutch racing driver
1981 – Ben Francisco, American baseball player
1981 – Shoo, South Korean singer and actress
1982 – Valentin Badea, Romanian footballer
1983 – Filipos Darlas, Greek footballer
1983 – Josh Strickland, American entertainer
1984 – Izabel Goulart, Brazilian model
1984 – Meghan McCain, American author and daughter of John McCain
1985 – Masiela Lusha, Albanian-American writer and actress
1986 – Briana Evigan, American actress
1986 – Jake Robinson, English footballer
1986 – Jessica Stroup, American actress
1987 – Faye Hamlin, Swedish singer (Play)
1990 – Stevie Brock, American singer
1990 – Dalmar Abuzeid, Canadian actor
1991 – Princess Mako of Akishino of Japan
Deaths42 BC – Marcus Junius Brutus, Roman senator (b. 85 BC)
930 – Daigo, Emperor of Japan (b. 885)
1456 – Giovanni da Capistrano, Italian saint (b. 1386)
1550 – Tiedemann Giese, Polish Catholic bishop (b. 1480)
1581 – Michael Neander, German mathematician and astronomer (b. 1529)
1616 – Leonhard Hutter, German theologian (b. 1563)
1688 – Charles du Fresne, sieur du Cange, French philologist (b. 1610)
1730 – Anne Oldfield, English actress (b. 1683)
1764 – Emmanuel-Auguste de Cahideuc, Comte Dubois de la Motte, French naval officer (b. 1683)
1774 – Michel Benoist, French Jesuit missionary and scientist (b. 1715)
1869 – Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1799)
1872 – Théophile Gautier, French writer (b. 1811)
1885 – Charles S. West, Texas jurist and politician (b. 1829)
1893 – Alexander Battenberg, prince of Bulgaria (b. 1857)
1910 – Chulalongkorn, King of Thailand (b. 1853)
1915 – W. G. Grace, English cricketer (b. 1848)
1921 – John Boyd Dunlop, Scottish inventor (b. 1840)
1939 – Zane Grey, American author (b. 1872)
1942 – Ralph Rainger, American composer (b. 1901)
1943 – Wakashima Gonshirō, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 21st Yokozuna (b. 1876)
1944 – Charles Glover Barkla, English physicist, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1877)
1944 – Hana Brady, Holocaust victim (b. 1931)
1950 – Al Jolson, American singer and actor (b. 1886)
1953 – Adrien-Maurice-Victurnien-Mathieu, 8th duc de Noailles (b. 1869)
1957 – Christian Dior, French fashion designer (b. 1905)
1959 – George Bouzianis, Greek painter (b. 1885)
1959 – Gerda Lundequist, Swedish actress (b. 1871)
1978 – Maybelle Carter, American guitarist and musical innovator (b. 1909)
1983 – Jessica Savitch, American journalist (b. 1947)
1984 – James Petrillo, leader of the U.S. musicians union (b. 1892)
1984 – Oskar Werner, Austrian actor (b. 1922)
1986 – Edward Adelbert Doisy, American biochemist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine (b. 1893)
1988 – Asashio Tarō III, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 46th Yokozuna (b. 1929)
1989 – Armida, Mexican actress (b. 1911)
1990 – Louis Althusser, French philosopher (b. 1918)
1994 – Robert Lansing, American actor (b. 1928)
1996 – Bob Grim, American baseball player (b. 1930)
1997 – Bert Haanstra, Dutch filmmaker (b. 1916)
1998 – Barnett Slepian, American physician (b. 1946)
2000 – Rodney Anoa'i aka Yokozuna, Samoan-American professional wrestler (b. 1966)
2001 – Ronald William Kirby, British artist (b. 1928)
2001 – Daniel Wildenstein, French art dealer and racehorse owner (b. 1917)
2002 – Adolph Green, American lyricist and playwright (b. 1915)
2003 – Tony Capstick, English actor, comedian, and musician (b. 1944)
2003 – Soong May-ling, wife of Chiang Kai-shek (b. 1897)
2004 – Robert Merrill, American baritone (b. 1919)
2004 – Bill Nicholson, English Footballer (b.1919)
2005 – William Hootkins, American actor (b. 1948)
2005 – John Muth, American economist (b. 1930)
2005 – Stella Obasanjo, Nigerian first lady (b. 1945)
2006 – Lebo Mathosa, South African entertainer (b. 1977)
2007 – John Ilhan, Australian entrepreneur (b. 1965)
2007 – Lim Goh Tong, Malaysian-born Chinese businessman (b. 1918)
2008 – Kevin Finnegan, British Middleweight Boxing Champion (b. 1948)
Holidays and observancesChristian Feast Day:
Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius
Giovanni da Capistrano
Ignatius of Constantinople
Chulalongkorn Day (Thailand)
Day of the Macedonian Revolutionary Struggle (Republic of Macedonia)
Mole Day (Chemists)
National Day (Hungary)
External links
[http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/23 BBC: On This Day]
[http://www1.sympatico.ca/cgi-bin/on_this_day?mth=Oct&day=23 On This Day in Canada]
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Category:Days of the year
Category:October
af:23 Oktober
ar:ملحق:23 أكتوبر
an:23 d'octubre
frp:23 octobro
ast:23 d'ochobre
az:23 oktyabr
bn:অক্টোবর ২৩
zh-min-nan:10 goe̍h 23 ji̍t
be:23 кастрычніка
be-x-old:23 кастрычніка
bcl:Oktobre 23
bs:23. oktobar
br:23 Here
bg:23 октомври
ca:23 d'octubre
cv:Юпа, 23
ceb:Oktubre 23
cs:23. říjen
co:23 uttrovi
cy:23 Hydref
da:23. oktober
de:23. Oktober
et:23. oktoober
el:23 Οκτωβρίου
myv:Ожоковонь 23 чи
es:23 de octubre
eo:23-a de oktobro
eu:Urriaren 23
fa:۲۳ اکتبر
hif:23 October
fo:23. oktober
fr:23 octobre
fy:23 oktober
fur:23 di Otubar
ga:23 Deireadh Fómhair
gv:23 Jerrey Fouyir
gd:23 an Damhair
gl:23 de outubro
gan:10月23號
gu:ઓક્ટોબર ૨૩
xal:Хулһн сарин 23
ko:10월 23일
hy:Հոկտեմբերի 23
hr:23. listopada
io:23 di oktobro
bpy:অক্টোবর ২৩
id:23 Oktober
ia:23 de octobre
is:23. október
it:23 ottobre
he:23 באוקטובר
jv:23 Oktober
kn:ಅಕ್ಟೋಬರ್ ೨೩
pam:Octubri 23
ka:23 ოქტომბერი
csb:23 rujana
kk:Қазанның 23
sw:23 Oktoba
ht:23 oktòb
ku:23'ê kewçêrê
la:23 Octobris
lv:23. oktobris
lb:23. Oktober
lt:Spalio 23
li:23 oktober
lmo:23 10
hu:Október 23.
mk:23 октомври
mg:23 Oktobra
ml:ഒക്ടോബർ 23
mr:ऑक्टोबर २३
arz:23 اكتوبر
ms:23 Oktober
nah:Tlamahtlācti 23
nl:23 oktober
nds-nl:23 oktober
new:अक्टोबर २३
ja:10月23日
nap:23 'e ottovre
no:23. oktober
nn:23. oktober
nrm:23 Octobre
nov:23 de oktobre
oc:23 d'octobre
mhr:23 Шыжа
uz:23-oktabr
pa:੨੩ ਅਕਤੂਬਰ
pag:October 23
nds:23. Oktober
pl:23 października
pnt:23 Τρυγομηνά
pt:23 de outubro
ksh:23. Oktoober
ro:23 octombrie
qu:23 ñiqin kantaray killapi
ru:23 октября
sah:Алтынньы 23
se:Golggotmánu 23.
sco:23 October
sq:23 Tetor
scn:23 di uttùviru
simple:October 23
sk:23. október
sl:23. oktober
sr:23. октобар
sh:23.10.
su:23 Oktober
fi:23. lokakuuta
sv:23 oktober
tl:Oktubre 23
ta:அக்டோபர் 23
tt:23. Öktäber
te:అక్టోబర్ 23
th:23 ตุลาคม
tr:23 Ekim
tk:23 oktýabr
uk:23 жовтня
ur:23 اکتوبر
vec:23 de otobre
vi:23 tháng 10
vo:Tobul 23
fiu-vro:23. rehekuu päiv
wa:23 d' octôbe
vls:23 oktober
war:Oktubre 23
yo:23 October
zh-yue:10月23號
bat-smg:Spalė 23
zh:10月23日
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